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מהי הפרעה פוסט טראומטית?
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מה מאפיין אנשים שסובלים מפוסט טראומה?
החיים של אנשים שסובלים מפוסט טראומה נחלקים לחיים שלפני האירוע הקשה והחיים שאחריו. אדם שחווה טראומה קשה ובעקבותיה פיתוח פוסט טראומה עובר שינוי באורח החיים שלו. מאדם מתפקד ולרוב שמח ונורמטיבי , אותו אדם מסתגר פעמים רבות בביתו, נמנע מקשרים חברתיים ואפילו משפחתיים, סובל מהתקפי זעם או כעס ונלחץ מכל דבר. הפגיעה באיכות החיים של אנשים הסובלים מפוסט טראומה עלולה להיות חמורה וקשה בכל תחום בחייהם החל מעבודה, קשרים משפחתיים, קשרים חבריים וכמובן קשרים זוגיים.
האם ניתן להבחין בתסמינים של פוסט טראומה?
התסמין העיקרי שניתן לראות אצל אנשים הסובלים מהפרעה פוסט טראומטית הוא הצורך של אותו אדם לחזור שוב ושוב לאותו אירוע שבעקבותיו התפרצה פוסט טראומה. החזרה לאותו אירוע יכולה להיות במחשבות , בחלומות, קושי לישון ומחשבות חוזרות על האירוע ועוד. גם ריחות עלולים להחזיר את האדם לאותו אירוע ולהביא אתם זכרונות קשים. הטריגרים שבגינם מתעוררות המחשבות או הרגשות לגבי אותו אירוע טראומטי קיימים ותמיד עלולים לחזור. אדם הסובל מפוסט טראומה יכול לנסות להימנע מלחוות את הטריגרים הללו אבל לעיתים יכניס את עצמו דווקא למצב בו הוא חושב על אותם ריחות , תחושות ומקומות שיגרמו לו להיזכר שוב ושוב באירוע. אדם שחווה אירוע טראומטי עלול להרגיש שאין לו אמון בעולם ושתחושת הבטחון שלו נעלמה ואז יחוש בתחושת סכנה מיידית. התסמונת הפוסט טראומטית כוללת לעיתים גם תחושות של בושה ואשמה, מצב רוח ירוד במיוחד וחוסר מוטיבציה לעשות דברים, גם הפשוטים ביותר. אדם הסובל מהפרעה כזו גם עלול לרצות להסתגר מהעולם ולא לפגוש אנשים. במידה ומדובר בפוסט טראומה שנובעת מפיגוע טרור, או מוות של אדם יקר במלחמה, הטריגרים להתפרצות של הטראומה הם שירים המתנגנים ברדיו, טקסי יום הזיכרון, חדשות ואירועים דומים שקורים בהווה. כל אלו עלולים להחמיר את המצב , גם אותו אדם מטופל וחווה כבר שיפור במצבו.
מהו אופן הטיפול בהפרעת פוסט טראומה?
בדומה להפרעות אחרות, בהפרעה פוסט טראומטית ניתן לטפל לפחות בחלק מהמקרים בטיפול משולב שיש בו גם טיפול תרופתי בתרופות פסיכיאטריות וזאת לצד טיפול פסיכותרפי ייעודי להפרעה ספציפית זו. במקרה של הפרעה כזו, המעורבות והתמיכה של בני המשפחה הקרובה של המטופל, חשובות לאין ערוך ומצד שני לא פחות חשוב לטפל גם במשפחה שסובלת מאד מהתסמונת הזו והשלכותיה. חשוב לדעת שניתן ומומלץ לטפל בהפרעה פוסט טראומטית במקום לחיות לצידה ולסבול מתופעות הלוואי שלה.
לקבלת מידע נוסף על טיפול בפוסט טראומה ולתיאום תור – צרו קשר עם ד"ר אהוד רוזיצקי : 073-7610016
שאלות ותשובות – טיפול בפוסט טראומה (PTSD)
משבר רגשי הוא תגובה טבעית לאירוע קשה, שלרוב נחלשת עם הזמן. פוסט טראומה, לעומת זאת, מאופיינת בכך שהתסמינים אינם חולפים – ולעיתים אף מתגברים. ההבדל המרכזי הוא בעוצמת התגובות, משך הזמן שבו הן נמשכות, והפגיעה בתפקוד היומיומי. אם התסמינים נמשכים מעל חודש ומפריעים לאדם לקיים שגרה, יש מקום לחשוד בהפרעה פוסט טראומטית.
לא. רבים יחוו תגובה קצרה של סטרס ויחזרו לתפקוד מלא. פוסט טראומה מתפתחת רק אצל חלק מהאנשים, בהתאם לגורמים כמו אופי האירוע, הרקע הנפשי, התמיכה הסביבתית ויכולת ההתמודדות האישית. לעיתים ההפרעה מתפרצת חודשים ואף שנים לאחר האירוע.
התסמינים כוללים:
חזרתיות לאירוע הטראומטי דרך פלאשבקים, חלומות או מחשבות מציפות
הימנעות ממצבים המזכירים את האירוע
מתח גופני או דריכות יתר
עצב עמוק, אשמה או בושה
קשיי שינה וריכוז
פגיעה בתפקוד החברתי והתעסוקתי
עוצמתם משתנה מאדם לאדם, והם עלולים להופיע בגלים.
כן. טריגרים יכולים להיות קולות, ריחות, מקומות, תאריכים מסוימים או דיווחים חדשותיים. גם אירועים אקטואליים דומים עשויים לעורר תגובה חזקה. טריגרים אינם "מדומיינים" – אלא תגובה אמיתית של המוח לזיכרון טראומטי לא מעובד.
האבחון מתבצע על ידי פסיכיאטר או מומחה בתחום, באמצעות שיחה קלינית, תיאור התסמינים ובחינת ההשפעה על התפקוד היומיומי. לעיתים משלבים גם מידע מבני משפחה או אנשי טיפול נוספים. אבחון נכון הוא שלב קריטי לבניית תוכנית טיפולית מתאימה.
לא בהכרח.
במקרים רבים משלבים טיפול תרופתי יחד עם טיפול פסיכותרפי – אך יש מקרים שבהם טיפול רגשי בלבד מספק תוצאות מצוינות. הבחירה נעשית לפי חומרת המצב, עוצמת החרדה, איכות השינה והתגובה לטיפול הדרגתי.
קיימות מספר שיטות מוכחות:
טיפול קוגניטיבי־התנהגותי (CBT)
חשיפה הדרגתית במפגש מבוקר
עיבוד זיכרונות טראומטיים
טיפול תמיכתי וחיזוק כוחות התמודדות
טיפול מקצועי מאפשר לעבד את החוויה ולהפחית משמעותית את התסמינים.
במקרים רבים כן.
לא תמיד מדובר בהיעלמות מוחלטת של כל הסימפטומים, אך בהחלט ניתן להגיע לשיפור משמעותי, לשיקום התפקוד ולחזרה לחיים מלאים. טיפול מוקדם ומדויק משפר באופן משמעותי את הסיכוי לשיפור.
תמיכה היא חלק חשוב מההחלמה:
הקשבה ללא שיפוט
סביבה רגועה ויציבה
סבלנות מול קושי בתפקוד
ליווי לטיפול לפי הצורך
חשוב לא פחות: גם המשפחה עצמה לעיתים זקוקה להדרכה ולתמיכה.
כאשר:
התסמינים נמשכים יותר מחודש
יש פגיעה בשינה, בתפקוד או ביחסים
מופיעה תחושת דריכות מתמשכת
הזיכרונות חוזרים שוב ושוב ללא שליטה
הפנייה לטיפול אינה סימן לחולשה – אלא צעד חשוב בדרך להחלמה.
